Green Hydrogen: A Renewable and Sustainable Solution for Decarbonisation
Green hydrogen (GH2) is a clean and renewable energy carrier that is produced by splitting water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity from renewable sources. GH2 has the potential to decarbonise various sectors of the economy, such as industry, transport, power and heating, that are currently dependent on fossil fuels. GH2 can also enhance energy security, create jobs and support sustainable development.
Benefits of GH2
GH2 offers several benefits for the environment and society, such as:
- GH2 does not emit any greenhouse gases or air pollutants when used as a fuel or feedstock, unlike fossil fuels.
- GH2 can store excess renewable electricity during periods of low demand and convert it back to power when needed, thus balancing the grid and increasing the share of renewables in the energy mix.
- GH2 can be transported over long distances through pipelines or ships, or converted into other energy carriers such as ammonia or methanol, for use in remote areas or export markets.
- GH2 can provide clean energy for hard-to-abate sectors such as steel, cement and chemicals, which cannot be easily electrified or switched to other low-carbon alternatives.
- GH2 can stimulate economic growth, innovation and competitiveness, by creating new industries, markets and jobs in the green hydrogen value chain.
Challenges and Opportunities
Despite its promise, GH2 faces several challenges that need to be overcome to achieve its full potential, such as:
- GH2 is currently more expensive than conventional hydrogen or fossil fuels, due to the high cost of renewable electricity, electrolysis equipment and infrastructure.
- GH2 requires supportive policies and regulations to create a level playing field with other energy sources, incentivise investment and innovation, and ensure safety and quality standards.
- GH2 needs to scale up production and consumption to achieve economies of scale and reduce costs, as well as to meet the growing demand for clean energy in various sectors.
- GH2 needs to build public awareness and acceptance of its benefits and risks, as well as to address social and environmental impacts along the value chain.
